I-High-Voltage DC Surge Protectors yokufakwa kwe-Solar Photovoltaic

Ezweni elishintshayo lamandla avuselelekayo, amasistimu e-solar photovoltaic amelela umngcele obalulekile wokukhiqiza ugesi esimeme, odinga izindlela eziqinile zokuvikela ugesi.Abavikeli be-DC surgekuvela njengabanakekeli ababalulekile balokhu kufakwa kwe-solar okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlinzeka ngokuzivikela okuphelele ezigungwini zikagesi ezingase zicekele phansi kanye nokungahambi kahle kwamandla kagesi. Idizayinelwe ngokukhethekile izindawo ezine-voltage ephezulu ye-DC ezivamile ezinhlelweni ze-solar PV, lezi zixhobo ezikhethekile zokuvikela i-solar (SPDs) zivikela izingxenye ze-solar ezibucayi, iziguquli, amasistimu okuqapha, nengqalasizinda kagesi ebalulekile ekuphazamisekeni kukagesi okungalindelekile. Isebenza ngempumelelo kuzo zonke izigaba zamandla kagesi ezifunwayo njenge-1000V DC, lezi zivikeli ezithuthukile zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu ukuthola, ukunqanda, nokuphambukisa amandla kagesi abhubhisayo kuma-microsecond. Ngokuvimbela ama-voltage spikes okubangelwa ukushaywa kombani, ukushintsha kwegridi, kanye nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe kagesi, abavikeli bokuhlinzwa be-DC baqinisekisa ukuphila isikhathi eside, ukwethembeka, kanye nokusebenza okuphelele kwezinhlelo zamandla elanga. Idizayini yabo eyinkimbinkimbi ihlanganisa izindlela eziningi zokuvikela, amandla aphezulu okumunca amandla, nokwakhiwa okuqinile okungamelana nezimo zemvelo ezinzima. Njengoba amandla elanga eqhubeka nokukhula emhlabeni wonke, laba bavikeli abahlinzayo bamele isisombululo esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe, ukuvala igebe phakathi kwengqalasizinda yamandla avuselelekayo kanye namasu aphelele okuvikela ugesi.

High Voltage Range Ukuhambisana

Izivikeli zokuhlinza ze-DC zezinhlelo ze-solar PV zenzelwe ukusebenza kuwo wonke amabanga anamandla kagesi, ngokuvamile aphatha amasistimu ukusuka ku-600V ukuya ku-1500V DC. Lokhu kusebenzisana okubanzi kuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okuphelele kokucushwa kwe-solar ehlukahlukene, kusukela ezindaweni zokuhlala ezincane ukuya emapulazini amakhulu asetshenziswa amandla elanga. Ikhono ledivayisi lokuphatha izidingo zamandla kagesi ahlukahlukene livumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenazihibe kuwo wonke amadizayini esistimu sonozungezilanga ahlukene, ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela zokuvikela eziguquguqukayo nezivumelana nezimo ezingamelana namazinga athuthukayo obuchwepheshe belanga kanye nokucaciswa kokufaka.

I-Surge Yamanje Yokumelana Nomthamo

Izivikeli ze-solar DC ezithuthukisiwe zenzelwe ukumelana namazinga amanje akhuphukayo, ngokuvamile asukela ku-20kA kuya ku-40kA ngesigxobo ngasinye. Lo mthamo wamanje wokukhuphuka ohlaba umxhwele uqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okuqinile ekuphazanyisweni okukhulu kukagesi, okuhlanganisa ukushaywa kwemibani eqondile nengaqondile. Ikhono eliphezulu lamanje lokumelana lifinyelelwa ngezingxenye zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana ne-specialized metal oxide varistors (MOVs), izindlela zokuqondisa ezibunjwe ngokunemba, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ezishisayo. Ngokuphatha ngempumelelo ama-transients amakhulu kagesi, laba bavikeli bokuhlinzwa bavimbela ukulimala kwemishini eyinhlekelele futhi bagcine ubuqotho besakhiwo sezinhlelo zikagesi ze-solar PV.

Izinketho Zokucushwa Kwezigxobo Eziningi

Izivikeli zokuhlinza zeSolar DC ziyatholakala ekucushweni okuhlukahlukene kwezigxobo, kufaka phakathi imiklamo engu-2-pole, 3-pole, kanye ne-4-pole. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuvumela ukufanisa okunembile nezakhiwo ezahlukene zesistimu yelanga kanye nezidingo zesekethe kagesi. Ukucushwa kwezigxobo ezimbili kuvame ukusetshenziswa kumasekethe alula we-DC, kuyilapho imiklamo ye-3-pole kanye nezigxobo ezi-4 ihlinzeka ngokuvikela okuphelele kuzo zonke eziyinkimbinkimbi zokufakwa kwe-solar. Izinketho eziningi zezigxobo ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvikelwa kokuhlinza kungafanelana nemiklamo ethile yesistimu, ukuvikela kokubili amakhondaktha aqondile namabi, kanye noxhumo lwaphansi.

Isikhathi Sokuphendula Esisheshayo

Laba bavikeli bokuhlinzwa abakhethekile bafaka izikhathi zokuphendula ezishesha ngokumangalisayo, ngokuvamile ezingaphansi kwama-nanosecond angama-25. Ukusabela okusheshayo okunjalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zesistimu sonozungezilanga ezibucayi zivikelwe kuma-voltage abhubhisayo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo obalulekile. Indlela yokuvikela esheshayo yombani isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-semiconductor njengamashubhu okukhipha igesi kanye nama-varistors e-metal oxide ukuze ibone ngokushesha futhi iqondise kabusha amandla kagesi angaphezu kwamandla. Lokhu kungenelela kweleveli ye-microsecond kuvimbela umonakalo ongaba khona kuma-inverter abizayo elanga, okokusebenza kokuqapha, kanye nezingxenye zohlelo.

Ukuqina Kwemvelo

Abavikeli beSolar DCaklanyelwe ukumelana nezimo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu, ngokuvamile alinganiselwe amazinga okushisa asuka ku -40?C kuya ku-+85?C. Izivalo eziqinile zivikela izingxenye zangaphakathi othulini, umswakama, emisebeni ye-UV, kanye nengcindezi yemishini. Izembatho eziyisipesheli ezivumelanayo nezinto ezithuthukisiwe ze-polymer zithuthukisa ukuqina, zenze lezi zisetshenziswa zifanelekele inselele ezindaweni zokufakwa kwelanga langaphandle. Izilinganiso zokuvikela ukungena okuphezulu (IP) ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe, kusukela ekufakweni ogwadule kuya ezindaweni ezisogwini nezintaba.

Isitifiketi Nokuhambisana

Abavikeli bezinga lobuchwephesha be-solar DC bahlolwa ngokuqinile kanye nezinqubo zokunikeza izitifiketi, bethobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana nalezi:
I-IEC 61643 (amazinga weKhomishini kagesi yamazwe ngamazwe)
I-TS EN 50539-11 Amazinga aseYurophu okuvikela ukuhlinza kwe-PV
- UL 1449 (Amazinga okuphepha e-Underwriters Laboratories)
- Izitifiketi ze-CE ne-TUV
Lezi zitifiketi ezibanzi ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwedivayisi, ukuthembeka, nezici zokuphepha, ziqinisekisa ukuthi zihlangabezana nezimfuneko eziqinile zomkhakha wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-solar photovoltaic.

Inkomba Yesimo Esibonakalayo

Abavikeli besimanje be-solar DC surge bahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha obuthuthukisiwe obunezinkomba ezicacile zesimo sokubukwa. Izibonisi ze-LED zinikeza ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela mayelana nesimo sokusebenza, izindlela zokwehluleka okungenzeka, namandla okuvikela asele. Amanye amamodeli ayinkimbinkimbi anikezela ngamakhono okuqapha okude ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwedijithali, okuvumela ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kokuvikela ukukhuphuka. Lezi zici zokuqapha zenza kube lula ukulungiswa futhi zisiza abasebenzisi ukuhlonza ukonakala okungaba khona kokuvikela ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke ukwehluleka okubalulekile.

Amandla Okumuncwa Amandla

Izivikeli zokuhlinza zezinhlelo ze-solar PV ziklanywe ngamandla amakhulu okumunca amandla, ama-injoule alinganisiwe. Ngokuya ngamamodeli athile, lawa madivayisi angakwazi ukumunca amandla okuhlinzwa asuka ku-500 kuya ku-10,000 joules. Izilinganiso eziphezulu ze-joule zibonisa amandla amakhulu okuvikela, okuvumela idivayisi ukuthi imelane nemicimbi eminingi yokuhlinzwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo kokuvikela. Indlela yokumunca amandla ihlanganisa izinto ezikhethekile ezichitha ngokushesha amandla kagesi njengokushisa, ukuvimbela amandla abhubhisayo ekusakazeni ngohlelo lukagesi welanga.

Idizayini ye-Modular neCompact

Izivikeli zokuhlinza zeSolar DC zakhiwe ngokusebenza kahle kwesikhala kanye nokuguquguquka kokufaka engqondweni. Izici zabo zefomu elihlangene zivumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kumaphaneli kagesi wesistimu yelanga ekhona namabhodi okusabalalisa. Imiklamo ye-modular yenza kube lula ukufakwa, ukushintshwa ngokushesha, nokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu ngokungenelela okuncane kobuchwepheshe. Amamodeli amaningi asekela ukukhwezwa kwesitimela okujwayelekile kwe-DIN futhi anikeze izinketho zokuxhuma eziguquguqukayo, okuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ze-solar array. Idizayini ehlangene iphinde yehlise ukunyathela kwesistimu iyonke, ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile ekufakweni kwe-solar okuvinjelwe isikhala. Amasu okukhiqiza athuthukile avumela lawa madivayisi ukuthi agcine ukusebenza okuphezulu naphezu kosayizi wawo oncishisiwe womzimba, ohlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela obuyindida ngaphakathi kobukhulu obuncane bokuvaleleka.

Ukuphathwa Okushisayo Nokwethenjelwa

Izivikeli ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-solar DC zihlanganisa izinhlelo zokuphatha ezishisayo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezihlukene. Lawa madivayisi asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokulahla ukushisa, okuhlanganisa osinki bokushisa obunjiniyela obunembayo, izinto ezihambisa i-thermal, namasekhethi ahlakaniphile okuqapha okushisayo. Izindlela zokuphatha ezishisayo zivimbela ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwangaphakathi phakathi nemicimbi yokuhlinzwa, ukugcina ubuqotho bedivayisi nokwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza sokusebenza. Amanye amamodeli athuthukisiwe afaka izici zokunqanyulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-thermal ezisebenza lapho amazinga okushisa angaphakathi edlula imingcele yokusebenza ephephile, enikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ekuhlulekeni okungaba khona okubangelwa ukushisa. Leli su elibanzi le-thermal liqinisekisa ukuthi abavikeli bendawo bangakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuhle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinga lokushisa elidlulele okuhlangatshezwana nazo ekufakweni kwelanga, kusukela endaweni eshisayo ewugwadule kuya ezindaweni ezibandayo ezinezintaba.

Isiphetho

Abavikeli be-DC surgeimele isisombululo esibalulekile sezobuchwepheshe ekuvikeleni ingqalasizinda ye-solar photovoltaic ngokumelene nokungaqiniseki kukagesi. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-semiconductor, ubunjiniyela obunembayo, namasu okuvikela aphelele, lawa madivayisi aqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo. Njengoba amandla elanga eqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphehleni kukagesi emhlabeni wonke, ukuvikela okuqinile ekukhuphukeni kuba okubalulekile. Ukutshala imali kubavikeli bezinga eliphezulu be-solar DC akukhona nje ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe kodwa kuyindlela yamasu yokugcina ukuqhubeka nokusebenza, ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwemishini ebizayo, kanye nokweseka ukushintshwa kwamandla okusimeme kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala, ezentengiselwano, kanye nesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwelanga.